Worker of the Week is a series of blog posts which highlights the workers at H.M. Factory Gretna that our volunteers researched for The Miracle Workers Project. This project aimed to centralise all of the 30,000 people who worked at Gretna during World War One and, although it may be over, our amazing research volunteers are continuing to uncover more stories about H.M. Factory Gretna workers to be added to this database. We are always looking to learn more about H.M. Factory Gretna workers. If you know anything about a H.M. Factory Gretna worker please feel free to get in touch with us by contacting info@devilsporridge.org.uk Thanks as always to our research volunteers for helping to make this possible.
This week’s Worker of the Week is Arthur Francis Parkin, who came from Australia to work at the factory and it seems as though the local area inspired the name for his eldest daughter!
Early Life
- Firstly, Arthur Francis Parkin was born in Victoria, Australia in 1891.
- His parents were Arthur Coulson Parkin and Elizabeth Parkin.
- We know Arthur Coulson Parkin, was a manufacturing chemist. Could this have helped to inspire his son and namesake, Arthur Francis Parkin?
- Additionally, Arthur Francis Parkin had 5 siblings (including another Arthur, who was the eldest child).
Work and Marriage
- Next, we know Arthur Francis studied a Masters Degree at Melbourne University.
- What was his degree in? It was science and he went on to work as a chemist like his father.
- On 12th November 1915, Arthur Francis Parkin married Grace Lillian Griffiths in Melbourne, Victoria Australia.
- However, this wasn’t the only significant event that we have come across in their life in 1915…
- Indeed it could have been possible that they had some idea of the next move prior to their marriage, but we can’t know this for certain.
From Australia to Scotland
- Arthur and Grace travelled from Australia to Plymouth according to incoming passenger lists, but why did they come to Britain?
- The best way to explain this is to start with another Australian Arthur, Arthur Edgar Leighton. [3]
- Now, Arthur Edgar Leighton (to make things as clear as possible we’ll refer to him as Leighton from here on in) travelled the Britain via India to learn more about munitions manufacture for the Australian Government. [1]
- While working on this, The Ministry of Munitions appointed Leighton to be a technical adviser on the manufacture of explosives. [2]
- As part of this, Leighton organised a scheme for Australian chemists and engineers to travel to Britain and work with munitions. Not only did this help provide the workforce, but it helped Australians learn new skills in relation to the manufacture of munitions. [2]
(Interestingly, Leighton appears to have been involved in the running of “the huge Gretna Works” during World War One, but we’ll save the rest for another Worker of the Week blog… [1] [2] )
- Therefore, Arthur Francis Parkin seems to have to travelled to Britain to work as part of this scheme.
- He could have worked in several locations in relation to munitions.
- The one we probably know most about at The Devil’s Porridge Museum is of course H.M. Factory Gretna.
Life at H.M. Factory Gretna
- According to the Dornock Souvenir Magazine, Arthur Parkin ( or rather A. Parkin ) worked as the “Section Manager, Nitro-Cotton Plant.” [5]
- Although, the rural site of the factory stretched from Dornock in Scotland to Longtown in England, there were two main sites known as Dornock and Mossband (near Longtown).
- Seemingly, Arthur worked in the Dornock section of the factory, as this magazine is made by those who worked in this section to remember their time working there.

Arthur Parkin and some of his colleagues photographed on a page of the Dornock Souvenir Magazine.
- Eastriggs was one of the two key townships (the other being Gretna) built to serve those who came to work at the factory.
- The Factory Manual describes Eastriggs as being built “for the accommodation of those workers chiefly engaged on the Dornock section.”[4]
- In light of this, perhaps it’s no surprise to find Arthur and Grace living in on The Ridge, Eastriggs. Below is a photo of The Ridge from the past.

- Naturally, he’s not the only Australian to work at the factory.
- The most notable example is that we’ve come across so far is probably Cyril Callister. Have you heard of him? For those of you that haven’t, just know that the future inventor of Vegemite once worked at H.M. Factory Gretna! [6]
Gretna
- On 5th September 1917, Arthur and Grace’s first daughter was born. [8]
- At this time Arthur was still working at the factory.
- What did they call their daughter? Well, they named her Gretna Margaret Parkin. [8]
- Is it just us or does the name Gretna seem familair? We’re sure we’ve heard that somewhere else before…
- Later, Gretna became a renowned scientist, specialising in botany. [7]
- Following this, their second child Griffiths Coulson Parkin was also born in Scotland in October 1918.
- Sadly, Griffiths died during World War Two in 1943, while serving with the Royal Australian Naval Volunteer Reserve. [9]
Life After the Factory
- In the Dornock Souvenir Magazine, Arthur Francis Parkin left his forwarding address as:
“A. F. Parkin.
Studley Avenue, Kew,
Melbourne, Australia.”
-Staff Addresses, page 68, The Dornock Souvenir Magazine. [5]
- Therefore, it seems that the family returned to Australia.
- Additionally, we know Arthur and Grace’s third child, Frances Gibson Parkin was born in Australia.
- Later, Frances went on to become a medical practitioner.
- Lastly, in July 1971, Arthur died in Australia.
Sources and Further Reading
- Australian Dictionary of Biography, Arthur Edgar Leighton by L. W. Weickhardt – https://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/leighton-arthur-edgar-7165
- Anticipating Tomorrow’s Defence Needs – A century of Australian Defence Science by Peter Donovan published 2007 by The defence Science and Technology Organisation, Canberra, Australia.
- Roy M. MacLeod (1989) The ‘Arsenal’ in the strand: Australian chemists and the British munitions effort 1916–1919, Annals of Science, 46:1, 45-67
- The Factory Manual from H.M. Factory Gretna.
- The Dornock Farewell Magazine from H.M. Factory Gretna. 1918- 1919.
- Worker of the Week: Cyril Callister – www.devilsporridge.org.uk/cyrilcallister
- Gretna Margaret West Wikipedia – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gretna_Margaret_Weste
- Weste, Gretna Margaret, The Encylopdiea of Women & Leadership in Twentieth-Century Australia – www.womenaustralia.info/leaders/biogs/WLE0492b.htm
- Sub-Lieutenant Griffiths Coluson Parkin, Commonwealth War Graves – www.cwgc.org/find-records/find-war-dead/casualty-details/2485607/griffiths-coulson-parkin/
Find Arthur Francis Parkin’s online database entry by clicking here>
Do you have a relative who worked at H.M. Factory Gretna? We would love to hear from you! Please feel free to contact us by emailing info@devilsporridge.org.uk. You never know maybe your relative could feature in a future Worker of the Week blog post! You can also have a look at some more H.M. Factory Gretna workers on our online database here>

































